Types of Function
1. System Defined Function
These functions are defined by Sql Server for different purpose. We have two types of system defined function in Sql Server
1. Scalar Function
Scalar functions operates on a single value and returns a single value. Below is the list of some useful Sql Server Scalar functions.
System Scalar Function
Scalar Function
Description
abs(-10.67)
This returns absolute number of the given number means 10.67.
rand(10)
This will generate random number of 10 characters.
round(17.56719,3)
This will round off the given number to 3 places of decimal means 17.567
upper('dotnet')
This will returns upper case of given string means 'DOTNET'
lower('DOTNET')
This will returns lower case of given string means 'dotnet'
ltrim(' dotnet')
This will remove the spaces from left hand side of 'dotnet' string.
convert(int, 15.56)
This will convert the given float value to integer means 15.
2. Aggregate Function
Aggregate functions operates on a collection of values and returns a single value. Below is the list of some useful Sql Server Aggregate functions.
System Aggregate Function
Aggregate Function
Description
max()
This returns maximum value from a collection of values.
min()
This returns minimum value from a collection of values.
avg()
This returns average of all values in a collection.
count()
This returns no of counts from a collection of values.
2. User Defined Function
These functions are created by user in system database or in user defined database. We three types of user defined functions.
1. Scalar Function
User defined scalar function also returns single value as a result of actions perform by function. We return any datatype value from function.
1. --Create a table
2. CREATE TABLE Employee
3. (
4. EmpID int PRIMARY KEY,
5. FirstName varchar(50) NULL,
6. LastName varchar(50) NULL,
7. Salary int NULL,
8. Address varchar(100) NULL,
9. )
10.--Insert Data
11.Insert into Employee(EmpID,FirstName,LastName,Salary,Address) Values(1,'Satish','Chauahn',22000,'Delhi');
12.Insert into Employee(EmpID,FirstName,LastName,Salary,Address) Values(2,'Harif','Khan',15000,'Delhi');
13.Insert into Employee(EmpID,FirstName,LastName,Salary,Address) Values(3,'Ganesh','Shakya',19000,'Noida');
14.Insert into Employee(EmpID,FirstName,LastName,Salary,Address) Values(4,'Syam','Kumar',19000,'Noida');
15.--See created table
16.Select * from Employee
17. --Create function to get emp full name
18.Create function fnGetEmpFullName
19.(
20. @FirstName varchar(50),
21. @LastName varchar(50)
22.)
23.returns varchar(101)
24.As
25.Begin return (Select @FirstName + ' '+ @LastName);
26.end
27. --Calling the above created function
28.Select dbo.fnGetEmpFullName(FirstName,LastName) as Name, Salary from Employee
2. Inline Table-Valued Function
User defined inline table-valued function returns a table variable as a result of actions perform by function. The value of table variable should be derived from a single SELECT statement.
1. --Create function to get employees
2. Create function fnGetEmployee()
3. returns Table
4. As
5. return (Select * from Employee)
6. --Now call the above created function
7. Select * from fnGetEmployee()
3. Multi-Statement Table-Valued Function
User defined multi-statement table-valued function returns a table variable as a result of actions perform by function. In this a table variable must be explicitly declared and defined whose value can be derived from a multiple sql statements.
1. --Create function for EmpID,FirstName and Salary of Employee
2. Create function fnGetMulEmployee()
3. returns @Emp Table
4. (
5. EmpID int,
6. FirstName varchar(50),
7. Salary int
8. )
9. As
10.begin
11. Insert into @Emp Select e.EmpID,e.FirstName,e.Salary from Employee e;
12.--Now update salary of first employee
13. update @Emp set Salary=25000 where EmpID=1;
14.--It will update only in @Emp table not in Original Employee table
15.return
16.end
17. --Now call the above created function
18.Select * from fnGetMulEmployee()
19. --Now see the original table. This is not affected by above function update command
20.Select * from Employee
Note
1. Unlike Stored Procedure, Function returns only single value.
2. Unlike Stored Procedure, Function accepts only input parameters.
3. Unlike Stored Procedure, Function is not used to Insert, Update, Delete data in database table(s).
4. Like Stored Procedure, Function can be nested up to 32 level.
5. User Defined Function can have upto 1023 input parameters while a Stored Procedure can have upto 2100 input parameters.
6. User Defined Function can't returns XML Data Type.
7. User Defined Function doesn't support Exception handling.
8. User Defined Function can call only Extended Stored Procedure.
9. User Defined Function doesn't support set options like set ROWCOUNT etc.
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